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Duchy of Westphalia
The Duchy of Westphalia (1180–1803) was a historic territory in the greater region of Westphalia, located in the east of modern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Originally, Westphalia formed with Angria and Eastphalia one of the three main regions of Saxony. For most of its history, the duchy was held by the Archbishop and Electorate of Cologne.
==Creation of the Duchy of Westphalia (1102–1180)==
Frederick I, the Archbishop of Cologne, had acquired half of the County of Arnsberg in 1102. The other counties of the region could not resist the encroachment of the Archbishopric, and soon after the counties of Werl, Rüthen and Volmarstein followed. The former count of Arnsberg created a new County known as Werl-Arnsberg, and successfully kept it independent of the Archbishops. When Henry the Lion of Saxony was defeated in 1180, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa presented the Archbishop of Cologne, Philip of Heinsberg with these territories and the south of the former Duchy of Saxony as the Duchy of Westphalia.
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